and I would have thought Djenne or elsewhere in Africa. Perhaps excavated. I would guess some as old as 1200-1800 perhaps. I think the 1st photo could possibly be Indian & perhaps newer, but the carnelian beads in the great necklace definitely look old and African to me. As well as the individual bead. The round thick disc-like carnelian/agate beads I would think 1800s-early 1900s. I do not consider myself an expert by any means, although I've collected similar stone beads for many years, but I have been told I'm wrong before with my Africa vs India perspective. Either way they're great beads! Lynne