I always love a long reply.
Interesting stuff.
About the original bead. Sorry to say, but pretty sure it is pretty new. Some of the best replicas of Islamic beads come from Indonesia. A great website to have a look at some new ones is posted below. Your specific bead, btw, is not on there. If you are not too far from the Netherlands, you may be able to go to the Tribal Jewelry fair on September 28 in Amsterdam. The seller I am linking to will also be there. We will also get together with some of the people on this forum for lunch and/or dinner. Email me if you would like to know more.

When these types of replicas were first made in Indonesia (some debate about this, probably around 10 to 20 years ago) there were quite a few issues with the glass cracking. So even the cracks are consistent with it being a replica. You could bring it on the 28th to be sure and let us have a look at it. It is never 100% sure from a picture.

The other beads you show. The three small ones look genuine to me and consistent with the period you mention. The large melon bead, I am not so sure. Not because it is a clear fake, but because I find it very difficult to tell age with these beads. They are a fairly basic shape and style that was made in many eras and places. I have even made beads that look like it. I am not very knowledgable in telling from the surface if the glass has aged. But probably your husband is?